पौधों को अपने-आप पानी देने वाला सिस्टम (ESP32)

// Plant watering system — ESP32 DevKit V1 + capacitive soil sensor + relay module + 5 V DC pump.
// Waters in short bursts when the soil is dry, then waits for the water to soak in.
// Soil AOUT → D34 (ADC1, works with Wi-Fi on). Relay IN → D26 (active-LOW). The relay switches the
// pump's own 5 V supply — low voltage only, never mains.
constexpr uint8_t SOIL_PIN = 34;
constexpr uint8_t RELAY_PIN = 26;
constexpr bool RELAY_ACTIVE_LOW = true;

// Calibrate: read the raw value with the probe in dry air and in a glass of water.
constexpr int RAW_DRY = 3000;
constexpr int RAW_WET = 1300;
constexpr int WATER_BELOW_PERCENT = 35;
constexpr unsigned long PUMP_MS = 5000;                 // one watering burst
constexpr unsigned long SOAK_MS = 60UL * 1000;          // let it soak before measuring again
constexpr uint8_t MAX_BURSTS_PER_HOUR = 6;              // safety: a broken sensor can't flood the pot

unsigned long hourStart = 0;
uint8_t burstsThisHour = 0;

void setPump(bool on) {
  digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, (on != RELAY_ACTIVE_LOW) ? HIGH : LOW);
}

int moisturePercent() {
  long sum = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
    sum += analogRead(SOIL_PIN);
    delay(5);
  }
  int raw = sum / 16;
  return constrain(map(raw, RAW_DRY, RAW_WET, 0, 100), 0, 100);
}

void setup() {
  digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH);        // pump off before the pin becomes an output
  pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT);
  setPump(false);
  analogReadResolution(12);
  Serial.begin(115200);
}

void loop() {
  if (millis() - hourStart > 3600UL * 1000) {
    hourStart = millis();
    burstsThisHour = 0;
  }
  int moisture = moisturePercent();
  Serial.printf("Soil moisture: %d%%\n", moisture);

  if (moisture < WATER_BELOW_PERCENT && burstsThisHour < MAX_BURSTS_PER_HOUR) {
    Serial.println("Dry — watering");
    setPump(true);
    delay(PUMP_MS);
    setPump(false);
    burstsThisHour++;
    delay(SOAK_MS);
  } else {
    if (burstsThisHour >= MAX_BURSTS_PER_HOUR) Serial.println("Burst limit reached — check the sensor and tank");
    delay(10000);
  }
}

// Plant watering system — ESP32 DevKit V1 + capacitive soil sensor + relay module + 5 V DC pump.
// Waters in short bursts when the soil is dry, then waits for the water to soak in.
// Soil AOUT → D34 (ADC1, works with Wi-Fi on). Relay IN → D26 (active-LOW). The relay switches the
// pump's own 5 V supply — low voltage only, never mains.
constexpr uint8_t SOIL_PIN = 34;
constexpr uint8_t RELAY_PIN = 26;
constexpr bool RELAY_ACTIVE_LOW = true;

// Calibrate: read the raw value with the probe in dry air and in a glass of water.
constexpr int RAW_DRY = 3000;
constexpr int RAW_WET = 1300;
constexpr int WATER_BELOW_PERCENT = 35;
constexpr unsigned long PUMP_MS = 5000;                 // one watering burst
constexpr unsigned long SOAK_MS = 60UL * 1000;          // let it soak before measuring again
constexpr uint8_t MAX_BURSTS_PER_HOUR = 6;              // safety: a broken sensor can't flood the pot

unsigned long hourStart = 0;
uint8_t burstsThisHour = 0;

void setPump(bool on) {
  digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, (on != RELAY_ACTIVE_LOW) ? HIGH : LOW);
}

int moisturePercent() {
  long sum = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
    sum += analogRead(SOIL_PIN);
    delay(5);
  }
  int raw = sum / 16;
  return constrain(map(raw, RAW_DRY, RAW_WET, 0, 100), 0, 100);
}

void setup() {
  digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH);        // pump off before the pin becomes an output
  pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT);
  setPump(false);
  analogReadResolution(12);
  Serial.begin(115200);
}

void loop() {
  if (millis() - hourStart > 3600UL * 1000) {
    hourStart = millis();
    burstsThisHour = 0;
  }
  int moisture = moisturePercent();
  Serial.printf("Soil moisture: %d%%\n", moisture);

  if (moisture < WATER_BELOW_PERCENT && burstsThisHour < MAX_BURSTS_PER_HOUR) {
    Serial.println("Dry — watering");
    setPump(true);
    delay(PUMP_MS);
    setPump(false);
    burstsThisHour++;
    delay(SOAK_MS);
  } else {
    if (burstsThisHour >= MAX_BURSTS_PER_HOUR) Serial.println("Burst limit reached — check the sensor and tank");
    delay(10000);
  }
}